Apparatus for utilizing energy derived from explosions.



W. H. SMYTH. APPARATUS PoR UTILIZING ENERGY DBRIVED FROM BXPLosIoNs.

APPLIOATION FILED OOT.13, 1902. My 79 Patented June 10, 1913.

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W. H. SMYTH. APPARATUS FOB UTILIZING ENERGY DBRIVED FROM EXPLOSIONS.

APPLICATION FILED 00T.13, 1902.

Patented June 10, 1913.

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W. H. SMYTH.

APPARATUS POR UTILIZING ENERGY DBRIVBD FROM EXPLOSIONS.

APPLIOATION FILED 00T.13, 1902.

Patented June 10,v 1913.

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VJS/ 3 VALVE CLoSEn VALVE OPEN W. H. SMYTH.

APABA'I'US FOR UTILIZING ENERGY DBRIVBD FROM BXPLOSIONS.

APPLIOATION FILED 0012.13, 1002.

lmw, atented June 1o, 1913.

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WILLIAM H. SMYTI-, 0F BERKELEY, CALIFORNIA, ASSiIGNOR T0 HUMPHREY GAS PUMP COMPANY, CORPORATION OF NEW YORK.

.APPARATUS FOR UTILIZING DERIVED FROM EXPLOSIONS.

` Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented J une 10,1 91 3.

Application led October 13, 1902. Serial No. 127,173.

To fill 'who/fir may concern.:

le it known that I, lViLLiAni Il. Snir'iii, citizen o't the United States. residing at Eerkeley, in the county ot lameda and State o'ltilalilornia, have invented certain new and useful improvements in Apparatus for` Utilizing llnergjy Derived t'ioni Explosions; and l do hereby declare the following' to be a full, clear, and exact description of the saine.

This invention relates to improvements in means t'or raising or movingY water. ln addition to its application to n'ioving water, it'includes the utilizingof energy, derived 'from explosions generally.

The i'iaiticular application used herein `for the purposes ot this disclosure is, one expression: the compresi-ion ot air is another. to which it is equally applicable. 'lhe f reneiation of power for motive purposes generally,.is still another expression o-t`itsutilization ot heatl energy.

lt has heen my oliject to malte in the invention underlying the present disclosure available -for all 'forms oft pumping'.

"This invention is of .so gener' i and pioneer a character and the conditions ot its use :irc so diverse that many new arts and types ot al'iparatus `grow out thereof and constitute Separate patentalile siihjectfniattcr. 'lhis is `exeinplilieil in certain copendingr applications to which relerence is here made,

.\pplicant, ret'crs to his copendiiig' applications and patents as follows:-

Application tiled (let. t3, 1902, Serial No. 127.172 descrihes and claims the method, for etl'ecting which, the apparatus a'nd means ot' the present invention are adapted. Application tiled lcli. 190i). Serial No. llll'cdcscribes and cIainis liroadly hisl invention in the art of utilizing heat energy, hy the eX- pansion o t combustible charges against liquid. moving; a hody ot' liquid hv the action 't'resh expansililc charges hy energy derived lroni previous expaiisicns. Application Aspecial forni ot ap aratus in the saine art, in

which for exainp e, a combustion chamber is provided with an llfriniter7 and means are :provided te regulate the aand outflow of ot said expansion. and compressiup;`

liquids` with an air chamber surrounding the combustion chamber, havingy an inlet;A

passage thereto and a discharge 'troni the ain chamber. Application liled Ang. et, 1903, Serial No. .168,933 describes a special torni of apparatus in the saine art in which there is provided, for example, a cylinder with an iudepeinlent piston, a charge charnber attached to the cylinder provided with a pump snitahlyplaced to engage the piston and to he operated thereliy and introduce fuel into the cylinder, the cylinder and piston being suitably arranged to compress the charge hy the momentum oi the piston. latent No. 936.677 dated @ct- 12, 1909 and .Patent-'No 950,082 dated Feb. 22nd, 1910, describe means relating to the same art.

This invention may he carried into etl'ect hy many Vforms ol. apparatus and may lie employed under many ditterent circumstances` in which it isdesired or necessary to raise or move water, compress air or turuish motive power.

(hie simple torni of means for etl'ecting this invention` and hv which' its objects may he accomplished is illustrated in the accompanviugv drawings, in whichy Figure l is a vertical section ot' the upper porti-on of one forni ot' the apparatus. Fig. L is an elevation partly in section of a ineditieation.` Fig'. il is a vertical Section of the lower portion of the same apparatus to which Fig. l refers. Fig. l a vertical section ot the Alower portion ot' the saine apparatustt'i which Fig'. 2 refers. Fig. 5 is a diagrammatic representation of the apparatos, illustrated in Figs. l and 3, in operation. The diagram heine,f in twoparts I and Il which are longitudinal continua tions of each other placed side by side for convenience ot` illustration. Fig. G is a similar 4diagram referring to the apparatus .illustrated in Figs. 2 and 4. the parts ot which are marked lv and ll. Fig. 7 is a series ot diagrams showing' the `cycle of operations or `steps in the process as carried into eiteet in the apparatus shown on Figs. l, i?, 3 and 4l. i

Referring to the d awings, 1 is an explosion chamber provided at its upper end with an air inlet valve 2. for supplying fuel may be provided. One such is shown in the present illustration as consistingof a piston 3 in a. cylinder 4 open' .inwardly to the explosion chamber und af Any suitable means springt resting against the piston. VThis jpiston 3 operates the plunger pump 6, which has pipe connections to a suitable source of fuel. throuch check valve 7 and also to the n b r .1 I explosion chamber'. lhe 'plunger 1f thls pump 1s shown as' a pistonrod attached to piston A device to limit the motlon of piston 3 1s provided, which 41s illust-rated v herein as a rod 8 attached to piston 3- and -the device is to operate.

extending to the exterior of the explosion chamber where it is supplied with a threaded stop 9 and operating `handle 10.

An igniting device of any suitable character is provided. One such is illustrated in Fig.,1, in which atappet or projection extending laterally from the side of rod '8,

-as shownat 11, forms 'a wiper and one of the electrodes of a -suitable electric battery 12. The other electrode 13 consists of Ian ordinary iiat spring in the path of movement of the Wiper '11, see Fig. 1, and is'. attached toa suitably insulated plug 14 which passes to the outside of the' explosion chamber 1, seeFig. 2.

Extending `downwardly from and as a continuation of the explosionchamber 1 is a pipe l5 of a length to suit the requirements of the situation or condition under which i The lower'end of this pipe is preferably enlarged to 'form an expansion chamber 16 and it `is open at the l' bottom to permit outliow therefrom. Adjacent to the lower end of 1G is a defiector 17 shown in thc present instance as a concave rlng or annulus. Below thls delector is provided a suitable valve 18. A short d1stance from the expansion chamber 16 isprovided au outwardly opening valve 19. For

, reasons which will hereinafter be described,

this valve 19 is arranged to act only as a partial or temporary check leaving the discharge passage of the liquid always, at least partly, open for the return of the liquid. This opening may vary as to size. An air chamber 21, preferably formed around the pipe 15 and the explosion chamber 1, is provided. 4It is shown in the present instance as a pipe extending from near the to of the explosion chamber down to a short distance above the valve 19, andbeing open at its' lower extremity. Surrounding the expansion chamber is' the pipe 22,'which in this form may serve also as a well casing as shown in Figs. 1 and 3. An outlet 23' of any suitable character is provided in this pipe. In Fig. 1, I have also shown a liquid 'fuel tank 24, which for convenience is made of annular shape and rests upon and around the upper portion of air chamber 21.

As-w'ill be seen from the drawings, .in the forms illustrated, the pipe 22 is in effect a discharge pipe for the whole of its length, that is from the inlet valve 18 to the discharge aperture Q3. It however at times ldurmg the operation, performs other functions thanmerely acting as adischarge conduit. Th'e lower part for example and for. an indefinite distance' upward from the inlet valve 18, performs the function with chamber 16 of an expansion chamber. Itl also performs the functions of an inlet ipe. These various capacities of the pipe ma e it difficultto separate the inlet pipe, the expansion chamber-,and the discharge pipe vas f in the present form, the functions of these various devices happen tobe all performed by pipe 22. It. is not however necessary that these various functions should be performed by the same pipe. It is thus-more convenient for the purpose of the descrip-- tion to consider the pipe 22 from endt'end and so describe it as a discharge pipe, than to designate various undefined portions by nam'es indicating functions which during` the operation'these parts perform, in addi; tion to the general4 function of being a 'discharge conduit vfor the water which lpasses vinto the structure.

The preceding description refers partlcu'- larly to Figs. 1 and-3 though it is applicable also to Figs. 2 and 4 with the exception that pendent of the Well casing and is an in-v tegral part of the apparatus and removable from vthe well therewith. In this latterA form no specialfuel supply is shown as this is intendedy to be located at. any suitable or convenient place.

'Thet cycle ofoperati the process as exemplitiedin the. apparatus,

inthe latter case, the outer pipe 22 is indef on and the steps of are illustrated in the diagrammatic4 series Fig. 7, in which, for simplicity and clearness,'the details of mechanlcal construction have been omitted. I, shows the charge in 'the explosion chamber under compression and just sparked'. It also shows the volume of an' 'trapped 1n the casing rising with the column. II shows the expanslon of the charge and-the displacement of the Water in the expansion chamber and casing thereto. It further shows the compression of air byl t-he entrance of the water piston into the air chamber. III shows, t-he condition of partial vacuum existing in the explosion and expansion spaces and the consequent entrance of atmospheric air into the explosion and expansion spaces fillingthem or the resilience of the cushion; closingof V. shows the returnof' Y -the water due to the pressureof' the heading upon piston 3.

`this diagram shows the end of the cycle of operation as Diagram ,I shows the beginning t and they 'are consequently alike.

Under Ithe conditions indicated in lthe drawings, the operation of rthe apparatus will be as, follows z-The explosion chamber l being supplied with air at a pressure above atmosphere caused in a manner hereinafter described, ,fuel is introduced into it by the pump 6 operated by theeompressed air act- A spark is caused by thel contact breaking' of the sparking devices 11 and 13 and the explosive mixture formed of the air and the fuel being thereby inllamed -Will generate heat within the' explosion chamber 1 and cause a greatexpansion of the gases therein contained. The charge expands in the explosion chamber and expansion chamber 16 and thus displacesthe con-v "tained water driving` it out thereof into the discharge casing and air chamber 21; Con tinued yexpansion of the gases forces the water so that it compressesthe contained air which is already compressed to or above the pressure .of the head. The return or rebound of the water is retarded or controlled by the valve 19.I The gases in the explosion chamber 1 and expansion chamber 1G having parted with .energy in performing the work olf forcing theivater into the air chamber Q1 are now unable to sustain the atmosphere pressing upon the outside of the valve 2 at the top of the texplosion cham bei". yAtmospheric pressure# consequently forces the valve 2 open andLair enters the 'space is fillediwith-.pure air.` The expansion chamber 1G being in the present lorm below the normal supply water level, water [lows through the valve 1S and compresses the air in the expansion cham-ber 16 and in the casing 22- below the valve 19 to a degree y. commensurate with the gravity ofthe water.

At the same time the incomingl water separates the contained air in the expansion chamber 1G from that in the casing LQ and traps in the latter a volume ot air. The valve y19 being, as stated, an imperfect check or temporary restraint only, 4permits the back llow or rebound of the water due to the head and the resilience `ot' the cushion. This compressesthe ai'r in the expansion and explosion spaces. The air trappedV in the easing meanwhile passes upward into the lcol` umn.y Ot course during these. described steps the augmented 'pressure in the air chamber 21 dueto the explosive energy, is

, asserting itself to drive out the Water into above the surface. The recompression of the air in the explosion chamber 1 is the condition started with, so it again'operates the fuel supply and sparker devices and thus Nrepeats indefinitely the cycle of operations.

volume otV air are forcedinto the discharge column.` Each volume of air diminishes the "specific" gravity ot' the combined column of `air and Water constituting the discharge stream, shown bv shaded and blank parts in Figs. 5 and G. ot only does'fthe' discharge column diminish in specific gravity but it is transformed from .a solid incompressible inert column into a resilient cushion readily blow. In other wordsthe discharge column is transformed from ai'solid incompressible mass of great specific-gravity into a sensitive continually renewing spring of less specific gravity peculiarly adapted to receive and store up in itself the energy generated in the explosion chamber' and return it in the form of useful work. V i

It is obvious of course that in starting. up the first time there is no head duc yto an ou'tliowing stream, nevertheless there is some compression both in the air chamber andin the explosion chamber 'due to suhmergence. This performs theysame function ot" prior comiiression of charge that the head performs to an added degree, in fact it head, so tar as this function is concerned. As the water rises in thedischarge column, so the prior compression increases in like ratio, therefore in starting up for the first time, all that is necessary is to introduce and igniteLa charge by means ol the handle Al0 or prime the discharge pipe with water.

The diagrams` l `igs. 5 and G are intended to illustrate the condition or resilient characier ol." the discharge stream and also the lact that as the entrapped and compressed air rises 'toward the surface,` it-grmlually the speed ot' the discharge water. This latter tactis illustrated by the mereased spare occupied by air as compared with the bottom ol" theeolunm to the top Q l)iagra1n,-l*`ig. 5 also illustrates the location'ot' the discharge stream as 'being between the air chamber and the well casing. Diagram, Fig. 5 further represents that stage in the p'roctss which this apparatus carries into clfect in which thc compressed `gases are ready to be ignited and the J trapped volume of airis just ascending into vthe discharge column by reason of its buoyiancy. l

l I)iagram, Fig. (i shows the resilient discharge column located between the air chamber and an'outer pipe integral with the 4 pump and independent of the Well casing.

At each operation, a volume of water and a;

compressible by a sudden and energeticl expands with a'consequent acceleration otA uniform space occupied by water from the Diagram, Fig. 6' also showsa water level in the Well;- This level isthe .same in ,Fim

i though owing to the form ofthe appara-` tusit is not perceivable except inits effect. Diagram,' Fig. 6 Jfurther illustrates th at stage in the process at which the complete expansion has taken place and the air inlet valve is open-so that the'atmosphericpressure is supplementing the Waning pressure due to explosive energy resulting iii greater travel of the water pistons. A

-vIt has been stated in the foregoing description that the explosion chamber 1 and pipe are preferably located Within the' air chamber and that the air chamber extends downward to near the bottoni' of the fwell. In the first place the explosion chamber .is surrounded by. an efficient non-conductor which conserves the lieat and-conse--. quent energyo the inflaining gases and; further this non-conductor is not of merelypassive character such as is placed for example around steam pipes but is 'of such a charaeterin its' present vassociation that. Whatever heat is conveyedthrough the walls vf the explosion chamber and conducting.

pipe is taken up ,and utilized by the air in the' air chambcraiid transformed into use-' ful Work in the form of pressure upon the ascending column of Water. This arrangement thus gives ideal conditions for the utilization. of the heat energyi generated within the explosion chamber.

This invention also presents ideal conditions for the Nutilization of energy in that it provides for the followingrequirements for the economical utilization lof' energy as displayed- .iii explosive actionr-I-Iigh initial vto cylinder temperature and pressure; low terminal cylinder temperature and pressure; expansion to below atmospheric pressure; neutralizingunbalanced atmospheric pi'essure'bv atmospheric balancing; conditions to prevent heat dispersion except in effective ivork; utilizing' heat radiated from or.

conducted through the walls of an explo'- sion chamber in effective Work; compression ot' charge prior to ignition; prior compres-y sion of charge in proportion to.or greaterthan the resistance to be met'by thc expansion ot' the inflaming cliaige; compression automatically produced, regulated and contiolled by the resistance to be overcome;

diminishing'tlie specific gravity of a Water column; transforming a column of Water c into a resilient cushion; initial piston speed unlimited and. comparable to the unrestrained speed of expansion. of inflaming gas; immediate conversion and storing 'of energy due to inflaining; expansion com'- mensurate with varying -initial temperatures; va piston of extreme Vmobility andA f sensitively responsive to initial pressure of lany inflaniing charge; transmitting association between a piston vaii d powei".utilizing return 'of a portion of said liquid which. re`

means in which the resistance to'be overcome is applied with increasing instead of vdiminishing intensity commencing.` at nil;

thereof, but I desire to cla'im the invention or inventions herein in the broadest manner as a pioneer invention. f

1 1. In an apparatus for raising lorv propelling liquid, with means for applying energy derived from explosions to the forcing of a column'ofliquid in advance of the explosive charges, the combination` lofy an explosion chamber, automatic means fon forming an explosive mixture within the explosion cliainbei', means to permit the direct return of a portion of said liquid which reinain's in the column after eachexplosion, and means for introducing into said column an elastic fluid.

2. Inan apparatusfor raising or propelling liquid, with means for applying energy derived from explosions to the forcing of-a column of liquid in advance of the explosive charges, the, combination of an .explosion chambei,automatic means for forming .an explosive mixture within the explosion chamber, means to permit the direct niainsin theV column after each explosion,

A and means for .introducing into said column an elastic fluid of less specific gravity.

' 3. 'In an apparatus for applaying energy derived from explosions, the combination with an explosion chamber of `means for automatically forming land admitting an explosive c'hargethereinto, means for `igniting said charge, means .for admitting a body of liquid into a confined space in free communication with said chamber that it shall bc in contact with the 'products of coin- -bustioii of said charge when explosion occurs, means for permitting the escape of said liquid from' `said space under the ex- 1 pansive force of the explosion and 0'ainst the resistance to be overcome and p rmit-v ting the direct return of a portion of it thereto, and means for comminglingl air or otheri gas with said body of liquid upon the discharge side'of said chamber whereby it is reiideredielastic. 4.. In van apparatus for applying energy derived from explosions, the combination',

with an explosion chamber of, automatieifaap' against the resistance to be overcome and.

the direct retui'n of a `portion otl said liquid thereto.

In an apparatus for applying energy derived t'roin explosions, the combination with an explosion chamber oit means :tor automatically forming an explosive charge within the explosion clian'iber, means for igniting said charge, means `t'or admitting a body ot.' material that is capable of' llo-wing into a confined space in free communication i with said chamber, means :for permittii'ig and directing the cscapeot' said material in a discharge column under the expansive force et the explosion and the direct return of a pc-rtioii of it to said space, and a rcsil'ient cushion in communication with said col umn.

t5. In an apparatus for applying energy derived from explosionsthe combination with an explosion chamber of means for automatically forming an explosive charge therein, fmeans for igniting said charge, means for admitting a body of material that is capable of flowing into a confined space in free communication `with said chamber, means for permitting andidirecting the escape of said materialin `a discharge column underthe expansive force et" the explosion and the return of a portion of it to said space and a resilient cushion in communication with `said column, and ,means for introducing into sai-d column an elastic material of less specific gravity.

7 ln an apparatus `for raising or pro- )elline' li( uid the combination with means D 5 for applying energy derived trom explosions to the forcing oit' a column of liquid in adyance of the explosive charges, i'iieans for introducing into said column an elastic tluid of less specitic gravity and means `for pci'- initting backward Itlow` of a portion of the.

I.is

said column au elastic fluid ot less specific gra vity, andl a n air chamber or other resilient cushion adapted to receive the impact ol the liquid actuated by the exploding charge, the cushion ,beingl in lree coim'nunicationV with the liquid to be raised.

9. ln an apparatus 'lor raising oi' propelling' liquid, the coinbinatii'in with means t'or applying energy derived trom explosions to the 'forcing of a column o'tE liquid,in advance ot' the explosive, charges, means for introducing into said column an elastic fluid ot less specitic gravity, means Yfor permitting the direct backward tlow olIv the liquid \\'hereby a subsequent charge is compressed prior to ignition and an air chamber or other resilient cushion ad apted to receive the impart of the liquid actuated by the exliloding chai-ge, the cushion being in free commiinication with the liquid to be raised.

l0. In an apparatus toi' applying energy derived from cx) losions, ,the combination with a combustion and expansion chamber ot automatic means for admitting air into said chamber upon reduction ot pressure therein, and preventing escape of air and other gases therefrom upon increase of: pres sure, means for admitting :fuel separately into said chamber, means for igniting said tiiel, means for admitting liquid into a con-V tined space in free conmiiinication with said chamber, whereby the air therein 1s com pressed, and means for permitting the" escape otsaid Vliquid under the expansive 'torce ol? the explosion and against the resistance tolielovercome.

il. ln an apparatus for applying energy derived trom explosions, the` con'ibination with a combustion and expansion chamber,

means for admitting ,explosive fuel into said Athe saine side ol' the movable body as the pressure otithe expanding charge and during its expansion whereby atmospheric prcssure supplements the pressure of the expanding gases.

ln an apparatus il'or applying energy derived from explosions, the combination with a combustion and expansion chamber, means tor admitting explosive 'tuel into said chamber, means for igniting said iuel, a freely movable body ot' material acting as a piston introduced between the explosive 'fuel and the resistaiiee to he overcome by the expansion ot the fuel, and an air chamber or other resiliei'it cushion adapted to receive the impact ot' the piston, automatic means for introducing atniospheric pressure on the same side of the piston as the pressure of the expanding charge and during its l lao V'am expansion whereby atmospheric pressure supplements the 'pressure of the expanding gases. y

13. In an apparatus for applying energy derived from explosions, the combination with a combustion and expansion chamber, means Afor. admitting an explosive charge into said chamber, means for igniting the charge, an elastic cushion, a liquid introducedbetween the explosive fuel and the elastic 'cushion suitably arranged t9 compress the charge vby the resilience of the elastic cushion and means adapted to admit atmospheric pressure to the explosive charge duringits expansion.

14. In an-apparatus for raising or pro-V pelling rliquid, the combination with a combustionand expansion chamber, of means for admitting water, means for admitting an explosive charge whereby the water Vto be raised is supported by said charge .prior tov ignition, means adaptedl to ignite the charge, means adapted Ato admit atmospheric' pressure to the expandinggases and means ladapted to introduce air or other gas into the water to be raised.

15. In an apparatus for raising or propolling' liquid, the combination of a` comustion and expansion chamber, of means for admitting water, means for admitting an explosive charge whereby the water to be raisedis supported by said charge prior to ignition, means adapted to ignite the charge,

means `adapted to admit atmospheric pres-l sure tothe expanding gases, means adapted to introduce air or other gas into the water to be raised andan air chamber or other elastic cushion adapted to receive the .im-

act of the expanding charge, the cushion eing in free communication with the water to be raised.

16.- In an vapparatus for applying energy derived from explosions, the combination with a combustion andexpansion chamber, means for admitting exploslve fuel into said chamber, means for. igniting said fuel, 'a

freely movable body of material acting asa piston introduced between the explosive fuel and the resistance to be overcome, means adapted to admit atmospheric air and 'pressure on the same side of the piston as the pressure of the expanding charge and during its expansion and means adapted to sep- ,aratea portion of the admitted air to form a subsequent charge.

17. An apparatus comprising a charge -land expansion chamber, means for admitting argaseous charge into said chamber, means adapted to e 'said charge, an air chamber or other resilient cushipn, a freely movable bod of mal terial acting as a piston introduce .between the explosive charge andthe resilient cushion, means adapted to admit atmospheric air and 'pressylre to the expansion space during ect the. expansion of' expansionA and means adapted to separate a portion of the admitted air to form a subsequent charge.

i 18. Anapparatusof the named type comprising a charge and lexpansion chamber, means for admitting a gaseous charge into said chamber, means' adapted to effect the expansion of said charge, liquidacting as a piston introduced between the gaseous charge and the resist-ance to be overcome.

by the expansion of the charge, means ada'l'ib,

ed to admit atmospheric air andv pressure to.. the expansion space during expansion and means adapted to separate a portion. of the admitted air to form a subsequent charge.

l19. An apparatus of the named type comprising a char-ge and expansion chamber,

means for admitting a. gaseous charge into said chamber, means yadapted to effect the expansion of said charge, an air chamber or Aother resilient cushion, liquid acting as a piston introduced between, the gaseous charge and the resilient cushion, means for directing the liquid against the resilient cushion, means adapted to admit atmospheric air and pressure to the expansion space during expansion and means adapted to separate a portionof the admitted air to form a subsequent charge.

20. -Iir an apparatus for applying energy derived from explosions, .the combination with a combustion and.- expansion chamber,

of `means for admittinga succession of explosive, charges, means forigniting said charges, means for admitting a body of liquidinto said chamber, means for permitting lthe' escape of said liquid' from said chamber' under the expansive force of the explo- Y, 'y

sions and against'the resistance to be overcome, means for commingllng alr or other gas with said body of liquid upon the chscharge side'of said chamber whereby it is v adapted to admit atmospheric air and pressure tothe expansion space during expansion, andmeans' adapted to separate a por tion-of the admitted air to form a subsequent charge.

22. '.An apparatus of the named type comprising a :charge and expansion chamber,

meansfor admitting a gaseous .charge into` the chamber,` means for admitting liquid,

tion against the resilient cushion, means j las Oil

Iof the liquid is effected, means adapted to means adapted to admit atmospheric air and i means adapted to eli'ect the expansion of said charge, against liquid to be raised, adapted to admit atmospheric air and pressure to the expansion space ,'during expansion, and means 'adapted to separate a portion of the admitting air to form a subsequent charge.

23. An apparatus of the named type comprising a charge and expansion chamber, means for admitting agaseous charge .into said chamber, vmeans .for admitting liquid, means adapted to effect the expansion of the charge whereby the movement of the liquid is etl'ected against a resilient cushion, means adapted to admit atmospheric air'and pressure -to the expansion space during 4expansion, and means adapted to separate a portion of the admitted air to form a subsequent charge.

E24. An apparatus of the named type comprising a charge and expansion chamber,- ineans for admitting a gaseous charge into said chamber, means for admitting liquid to be aised, means adapted to eti'e'ct" the expansion of the charge whereby themovement admit atmospheric air and pressure to the expansion space during expansion, means adapted to separate a portion of the admitted air to form a subsequent charge, and means adapted to introduce lthe remainingl portion of the air into the liquid to be raised.

25. An apparatus of the named type comprising. a charge and expansion chamber, means for admitting a gaseous charge into said chamber, means for admitting liquid to be raised, avresilient cushion, means adapted to effect the expansion of the charge against liquid and consequently the motion of the latterv against the resilient cushion, means adapted to admit atmospheric air and pressure to the expansion space during expansion, means adapted to separate a'portion of the admitted air to' forma Subsc-f quent charge, and means'- adapted to introduce the, remaining 'portion 4of the air into the liquid to be raised.

26.` An apparatus of the named type comprising aeharge and expansion chamber,` means for admitting a gaseouscharge into said chamber, means forfadmitting liquid' to: be raised, means adapted to eiect the expansion of said/charge against the liquid,

pressure to the expansion space duringexpansion, means adapted to separate" a por-q tion of the admitted airr to form a subse- V quent charge, and means adapted to .introduce the remaining portion of the aii* into the liquid to be raised. j

2.7. An apparatus ot' the'named ty e com,- prising a..charge and expansion c amber, means for admitting a gaseous chargevinto said chamber, means for. admitting liquid to be raised, a resilient cushion, means adaptcdto effect the expansion of the charge whereby the movement of the liquid is etl'ected against the resilient cushion, and means adapted to admit atmospheric air and pressure to the expansion space during expansion, means adapted toseparate a portion of the admitted :air to form. a subsequent charge, and means ada )ted to introduce the remaining portion of tlie air into the liquid to be raised. i i l .y

In an apparatus for applying .energy derived trom explosions, the .combination with a combustion and expaiision-chamber, of means for adinitting anexplosive charge thereinto, means for'igniting .said charge, means for admitting a body of material that is capable of flowing into a confined space in free communication with said chamber, means foigpermitting and directingtlie escape ot' said material in a discharge column under the expansive force of the explosionv and for permitting the direct return of a portion'of it to said space and means for separating a portionot the liquid from the column to constitute a :t'ree piston for a subsequent operation of the device. y

29. In 'an apparatus for applying energy derived from explosions, 'the combination. with a combustion and expansion chamber, otmeans for admitting an explosive charge thereinto, means forigniting said charge, means for admitting a body of material that is capable .of flowing into a,.confined space in free communication with saidchamher, means for permitting and directing the escape of said materialin a discharge column under the expansive force of the explosion and forpermitting the direct return of a portion of it: to said space andrmeaiis adapted to separate agportionef the liquid from the column by interposing a body of all'. i-y i.

'30."In an apparatus for applying energy derived from explosions, the combination of a combustion and expansion chamber, means for admitting an explosive charge thereinto, means for igniting said charge, means for admitting a body of-liquid in free communication with said chamber, means for pei'- mitting and directing `the escape of said liquid in a discharge column under the expansive forceof explosion and for permit-r ting `the direct return of a portion of it toward said space and means adapted to sepaate a portion of the liquid'from the column by interposing a body of air and a resilient cushion in communication with said column. 31. In an' apparatus'for applying energy derived from explosions, the combination of a combustion and expansion chamber, means for admitting an' explosive charge, means for igiiitingsaid charge, means for admit-` ting a 'body of material ,in communication with said chamber, means for directing said material in to a receiver under the expansive' for-ce of the 'explosion and 'permitting the direct return of a portionofithe material to said chamber and means for ii'itroducing a second chargebefore its return.

32. In aii apparatus for raising or moving Water, the combination of a chamber, means adapted to introduce a volume of air there.;

into, means adapted to introduce water in contact with said'air whereby it is supported thereon, means adapted to separate a portion of the air-and means adapted to expand the separated portion by heat* whereby its ex- 1 pansion and the compression of the remaining portion of air is eiiected againsta co1- umn of Water.- A .I

33. In an-apparatus for. applyin energy derived from' explosions,- the com ination of a combustion and expansion, chamber, means for admitting anexplosive charge t-hereinto, means for igniting said charge,"

admitting a body oit'material in' communica.

tion with said charge means for directing said material into a discharge column under the expansive force of the -explosion and permitting the direct` return-cfa portion of the material to said chamber and means for introducing a second charge beforeI `its re- 'fti1 rn'and means for introducing intb said column an elastic material of less specific gravity. l

35. An apparatus for raisingwater comprising a combustion and expansion chamber having an. igniter, mea-ns adapted to introduce an explosive charge thereinto, means forY admitting Water to be raised, a valve o ieiiinnr freelv inward for the admission of C! f air into the combustion charge pipe.

3G. An apparatus for raising water comprising a combustion and 4expansion cham'- cliainbcr and a disl bei having an igniter, means adapted to in trodiicc an explcsi ve cliarge tliereinto, means for admitting water to be raised, a valve opening freely inward for the admission of .air into the combustion chamber, a discharge pipe and .means to iiitidiice air Jinto the water to be raised,

37. An apparatus for raising water comprising a combustion and expansion cham ber havingan igniter, means adapted to introduce an explosive charge thereiiito, means.

for admitting water to be raised, a lvalve maarre Iopening freely inward for the admission of 'air into Ithe combustion chamber, an air chamber or other resilient cushion adapted to oppose the e a discharge pipe.

38. An apparatus f oiraising or propel ling liquid. comprising a combustion and ex#4 xpansioii of the charge, and l '70 pansion chamber providedwith an ignit-ingf device, an -air chamber or other resilient cushion, automatic means adapted to introduce fuel .and air separately and mix the same to form successive explosive charges in the'explosion chamber, and meansadapted to introduce air' into the-liquid to be raised. y

39. An' apparatus lfor raisingwater comf prising a combustion and-expansion cham-1 ber, means for admitting Water to be raised, an air chamber communicating with and adapted. to receive the pressurefof the expansion chamber through the `intervention of the water andmeansadapted to permit.

the direct backward flow of fluid fromth'e air chamber tol the expansion chamber and means adapted to introduce air into the water to be raised.

40. An apparatus for raising water comprising a combustion and expansion chainber, means for admitting water to be raised,

an air chambencommuiiicating'with the ex pansion chamber bya valved passage, ;a per-` manently-,open passage connecting the air chamber andgthe expansion chamber, and means 'adapted to introduce. air. intothe water .to'be raised.

41.- An apparatus 'for raising Water comprising a combustion chamber, means for Iais' admitting water to be raised, an-igniter and a check valve opening freely" inward to the combustion chamber for the admission of air, and an air chamber connected with the chamber by a valved passage.'

. 42. An apparatus for raising Water com-l prising a combustion chamber having an igniter, a check valve opening freely inward for theadmission of air into the combustion chamber, an air chamber connected lwith the chamber by a valved passage and an intake pipe for water connected with the chamber .and provided with a suitable inlet foot valve.

43. An apparatus for raising water comiis' prising a combustion chamber having an igniter, means adapted to introduce an ex`l plosive cliargethcreinto, means forv admitting Water to be raised and a siiitableelieck valve opening freely inward to the combustion chamber for the admission of air, a.

discharge pipe 'communicating with the chamber by avalved passage.

14.. An apparatus for raising water comprising a combustion chamber having an igniter, means adapted fto introduce an explosive charge tliereinto, means .for admitting water tobe raised and a'suitable check 'valve openingfreely inward to the combustion chamber for the admission of air, a discharge pipe eonmumicating with the chaluber by a suitable valved pas age and means adapted to introduce air into the water to be raised. A

45. An apparatus of the named type coinprising a combustion chamber having an igniter, means adapted to introduce an explosive charge7 a suitable check valve opening freely inward to the combustion chamber for the admission of air, an air chamber or other resilient cushion connected with the chamber by a valved passage and means adapted to compress the charge prior to ignition. i A 4G. An apparatus ofthe named type comprising a combustion chamber having an igniter, means adapted to introduce an plosive charge, a suitable check vvalve opening freely inward to the' combustion chamber for the admission of air, an air chamber or other resilient cushion connected with the chamber by a valved passage and means adapted to permit and dir'ect the compression of the charge prior to ignition by the resilience of the cushion. 47. An apparatus for raising -or propel- .ling liquid comprising a combustion and ex- 30.

pansion chamber provided with an igniter, automatic means adapted to form an explosive charge Within the combustion chamber, an air chamber or other resilient cushion freely communicating with the combustion chamber, a pipe connected with the air,

chamber', and means adapted to admit liquid thereinto, the air chamber and pipe being suitably arranged whereby the liquid is sup-y ported by' the air in the air chamber, and means adapted to introduce air into the liquid in the pipe through the expansions of the explosive charge.

` 48. An apparatus of the named type comprising' a combustion and expansion cham` ber having an igniter, means adapted to introduce an explosive charge, a suitable check valve opening freely inward for the admission of air and a surrounding air chamber.

connected and communicating with the expansion chamber.

49. An apparatus of the named type comprising a combustion and expansion cham` ber having an igniter7 means adapted to introduce an explosive charge, a suitable-check valve opening' freely inward for the admission of air, anda surrmmding-air chamberconnected and communicating with thel com` bastion and expansion chamber by a`suitable valved passage.

50. in apparatus of the named type comprising a combustion and expansion chamber having an igniter, means adapted to introduce an explosive charge, a suitable check valve openinfr freely inward for the admission of air7 'uid 4acting as a piston introduced between the explosive charge and the resistance to be overcome. and a surrounding air chamber connected` and conuiumicatinf; with the combustion and expansion chamber.

ing air chamber connected and communicating with the expansion chamber by a suitable valve controlled passage.

. 52. An apparatus of the named type comprising a combustionand expansion chamber havingan igniter, means adapted to in-` troduce an explosive charge, a suitable check valve opening freely inward for the admission of air, and a surrounding air chamber connected and comniunic'ating with the expansion and combustion chamber by a suitable valved passage and a by-pass or passage between thc air chamber and the cxpansion chamber.

53. An apparatus for raising water coinprising a combustion and expansion chamber having a suitable iguiter7 means for admitting water, and a fuel pump connected with the combustion chamber adapted to be operated directly by the pressure inV said chamber.

54. An apparatus for raising water comprising a combustion and expansion chamber having a suitable ignitcr, means for admitting water, means for introducing fuel oil consisting of a pump connected with the combustion chamber adapted to be Vope ated one way by the pressure in said chamber and in the opposite` direction by a spring.

An apparatus for raising water com- 'prising ar combustion and expansion chamber7 means for athuitting water7 means adapted to introduce au explosive charge, and an igniler to lire the charge having-'one electrode or wiper suitably arranged whereby its movement to mal-:e a spark is eil'ected by the direct pressure in the combustion chamber. v

56. An apparatus for raising water coniprising a combustion and expansion climaber, means for admittingr water, means adapted to introduce an explosive charge, and an igniter to lire the charge having one electrode provided with a piston in a cylinder open at one end to the expansion chamber whereby the piston and `electrode or Wiper are moved by the direct pressure in the cylinder.

57. An apparatus for raising water cornprising a combustion and expansion chamber, means for admitting water, means for introducing and ligniting fuel consisting' of y charge,

, means adapted "prising a combustion and forced into the lcombustion chamber andk sparking contact and ignition edected. i ,p

59. A device for raising or propelling thereof is vfluid comprising a chamber, automatic means adapted to introduce a gaseous charge, means adapted to effect the compression and subsequent expansion of said a discharge pipe for said device consist-ing of a well casing, and means ada ted to convey the expanded gasesbeneat a4 column of liquidv in the discharge pipe.

60. A device for raising water comprising a chamberY adapted to contain a. `gaseousl l charge,

means adapted to expand said charge, a discharge pipe for said device consisting of a well casing 'andA means adapted to coiivey the expanded gases and a volume of atmospheric `air beneath a column of water in the discharge pipe.

:61. ln an apparatus vfor raising or propelling liquidtlie combination with a pipe one end of which is adapted to be submerged, of means for effecting a current of elastic duid in said pipevto effect the displacement of liquid under the normal surface of the liquid in which the end of the pipe is submerged vvhereby a column of intermingled elastic fluid andliquid is formed, andexplosion producinv means .for effecting a resilient pressure ieneiitht the iiiteiniingled column to move it., i", 1

62. In an apparatus 'for raising-erpropelling liquid, the combination with a "'pipe one end of which is adapted to be submerged, of means adapted to effect Iexplosive pressure therein forY the displacement -of liquid under the normal surface of the liquid in which the end ofthe pipe is submerged, means for inducing the entrance of airby atmospheric pressure into the space from which liquid has been displaced.

"63. A device for raising or propelling liquidy comprising a chamber,- automatic to introduce a` gaseous charge, means adapted to effect the compression and subsequent expansion of said charge2 ,a discharge pipe for said device consisting of a well casing, and adaptedl to convey and discharge the ex.- panded gases beneath a column of discharge means' liquid, and means adapted to dilute the disraised, the chamber being suitably arranged' in the path of the incoming water whereb57 ythe water separates the air in the chamber from that beneath the water.

65. An apparatus for raising water coinprising a combustion chamber having an igniter, means adapted to introduce an explosive chargethereinto, means for admit.- ting water to be raised, a suitable check valve opening freely inward to the combus tion chamber for .the admission of air, an air chamber or other resilient cushion adapt-ed to oppose the expansion of the charge and a discharge pipe and'nieaiis adapted` to introduce air into the water to be raised.

66. An apparatus for raising water comprising an explosion chamber, means for introducing and igniting an explosive charge, an inwardly openingchecl; valve for the admission of atmospheric air to the explosion chamber, an expansion chamber and a pipe of less sectional area than the expansion chamber connecting these chambers, an air chamber surrounding and inclosing` the explosion chamber and pipe, a discharge pipe and means adapted to admitwater lthereinto iii free communication with the expansion chamber.

67. ln an apparatus derived from explosions, a combustion chamber, means an explosive mixture therein, means for applying energy the combination of for forming for igluiting the fuel, a chamber in free communi cation'with the combustion chamber having means 'for admitting liquid thereinto, and

means for scavenging` spent gases from the combustion chamber.

68. In an apparatus for applying, energy derived from explosions, theI combination of a combustion chamber, means for admitting and.

iis

explosive fuel thereinto, means .forignitlng the fuel, a. chamber in free communication With the combustion chamber having means for admittingliquid thereinto, means for admitting` into and through the combustion chamber a scavenging fluid whereby the spent gases of combustion areswept ahead of the scavenging fiuid. y

69. In'an apparatus for applying energy derived from explosions` the conibinationfof.-

a combustion chamber, means fcntl,dintting'A explosive fuel into said chainberfineans for-,g`

igniting the fuel, a Chamberlin fiee'cmniu nication with the: combustion chamber, )and means for admitting liquid thereinto, means for admitting into and through the combustion chamber air whereby the spent gases of combustion are swept ahead of t-he air and the chamber thereby scavenged ol spent gases. y

470. In an apparatus for raising or propelling liquid, the combination ot' a pipe, one end of which is adapted to be submerged, means for introducing an elastic fluid through said`pipe beneath the normal surface of the liquid in which the end of the pipe is submerged and expanding said fluid by heat whereby liquid is displaced, means for introducing into the space :from which liquid has been displaced'air or other gas to occupy the space formed by the contraction of the heated resilient fluid on cooling, whereby a column of intermingled liquid and gas is termed.l

7l. In an apparatus for raising or prol pelling liquid, the combination ot' a pipe, onev end of which is adaptd to be submerged, means for introducing an elastic fluid through said pipe beneath the normal surface of the liquid in which the end of the pipe is submerged, and for expanding said fluid by heat, whereby liquid is displaced, a second pipe communicating with the first one to receive and discharge the displaced liquid, means for introducing into the space from which liquid has been displaced air or other gases to occupy the space formed by the contraction ot' the heated resilient iluid on cooling, whereby a column of intermingled liquid and gas is formed in the discharge pipe.

72. In an apparatus for raisinglor propelling liquid, the combination of a pipe, oneend of which is adapted to be submerged, means for introducing an elastic fluid through said pipe beneath the normal surface of the liquid in which the end'of the pipe is submerged, and for expanding said Huid by heat, whereby liquid is displaced, means for introducing into the space from which liquid has been displaced air or other gas to occupy the space formed by the contraction of the heated resilient luid on cooling, whereby a column oi intermingled liquid and gas isI formed, and means for applying ,pressure beneath the intermmglcd column to raise it.

73. In an apparatus for raising or propelling liquid, the combination of a pipe, one end of which is adapted to be submerged, means for introducing an elastic (luid through said pipe beneath the normal surface of the liquid in Which the end of the pipe issubmerved, and for expanding said uuid-by had `dismay liquid is displaced, d second pipe communicating with the first one to receive and discharge. the displaced liquid, means for introducing into the space from which the liquid hasbeen displaced `air or other gas tooccupy the space formed by the contraction oit the heated resilient fluid on cooling, whereby a column of interminglcd liquid "and gas is formed in the discharge pipe,`and means for applying pressure beneath the intermingled column to raise it.

l 74. In an apparatus tor applying energy derived from explosions, the combination ot an explosion chamber, means for admitting an explosive charge thereinto, means for igniting said charge, means for admitting a `body of liquid into a confined space in free communication with said chamber so that it shall be in contact with the products ot combustion ol:l said charge when explosion occurs, means for permitting the escape of said liquid from said space under the expansive force of the explosion and against the resist-ance to be overcome and permitting the return of a portion of it thereto, and means for commingling air or other gas with said body of liquid upon the discharge side of said chamber whereby it is rendered elastic. D y

In an apparatus for applying energy derived from explosions, ,the combination of an explosion chamber, means for admitting an explosive charge Vt-hereinto, means for igniting said charge, means for admitting a body of material that is capable ot' flowing into a confined space in free communication with said chamber, means for permitting and directing the escape of said material in a discharge column under the expansive force oit' the explosion, and the rcturn of a portion ot it to said space, and a resilient cushion in communication with said column and means tor introducing into said column an elastic material ol less specific gravity.

7 6. In an apparat-us for raising or moving lluid, the combination of a combustion chamber, means for admitting explosive fuel thereinto, means for igniting the fuel, a charrbcr in free communication 'with the combustion chamber' having means for admitting liquid thereinto, the said parts havlng such relative arrangement, that upon each explosion gas is carried with the liquid beyond the expansion space, and means for scavenging spent gases from the combustion chamber.

77. In apparatus for moving liquid, the combination of means for bringing a combustible charge against a body of li uid, means for'comprcssing and then expan ing the charge, thereby moving the liquid to force liquid to a greater head or pressure, and means whereby the pressure of return-- ing liquid is utilized to introduce fresh combustible charges.

78. In apparatus for moving liquid, the combination of means for bringing a combustible charge against a body of liquid,

means for compressingand then expanding the charge, vthereby moving the liquld to 'forceliquid to a greater head or pressure,A

combination of means for bringing a coinbustible charge against a body. of liquid, means for compressing and then expanding the charge, thereby moving vthe liquid to force liquid to a greater/head or pressure,l means providing a resilient cushion adapted to be compressed by the liquid, and means whereby the pressure of returning liquid is utilized `to introduce fresh combustible charges.

81. In apparatus for moving liquid, the

combination of means for bringing lacom-I bustible charge against a body of liquid, means for compressing and then expanding thepcharge, thereby moving vthe Vliquid to force liquid to a greater head -or pressure and means whereby the ressure of returning liquid is utilized to introduce and compress a fresh combustible'charge.

82. In apparatus for'moving liquid, the combination of means for bringing a oombustible charge against a'body of liquid, means for compressing andth'en expanding the charge, thereby moving the liquid lto force liquid to a greater head or pressure and means whereby the pressure ofreturning liquid is utilized to introduce, compress and ignite a fresh combustible charge.

83, In apparatus for moving liquid, 'the' combination of means' for-bringing a combustible charge against afbody of li uid,

means for compressing and then expan incgl the charge to move .the liquid to force liqui to a greater head or pressure and means i whereby the pressure of returning liquid is utilized to introduce a fresh combustible charge, and means whereby air is entrapped anemia@ i with the liquid -upon each lexpansion of a' combustible charge to Areduce the 'specific gravity of the liquidcolumn.

84. 'In apparatus' for moving liquid, the combination of means for bringing a combustible charge against aA body of liquid,

'means for compressing and'then expanding the charge thereby moving the liquid to force liquid to .a greater head or pressure and lneans whereby thepressure of return ing liquid is'utilized to' introduce a fresh combustible charge and means whereby air is entrapped with the liquidupon eac-h expansion of a combustible charge to reduce the specific gravity of 'the liquid column and to render the same resilient.

85. In apparatus for moving liquid,-the combination of means for bringing a combustiblecharge against a body of liquid, means for compressing and then expanding the charge thereby moving the liquid to force liquid to a greater head or pressure and means whereby a partial backfiowv of liquid is permitted after the force of each expansion is expended, to introduce'a combustible element.4

86. In apparatus for moving liquid, the combination of means for bringing a combustible vcharge against abody of liquid,

means for compressingthen expanding the 4 charge,l thereby moving'the liquid to force liquid to a greater head or Apressure and means for permitting a partial baclrflow of liquid after the force of each expansion-'is expended to introduce a combustible element and to compress and ignite the charge.

87. In apparatus for. moving liquid, the combination of means for bringing'a combustible charge againstlza body of liquid, means for compressingand'then expanding the charge thereby moving the liquid to force liquid to a greater head-'onpressurd and utilizing the pressure ofireturning liquid to .introduce a combustible charge and,l utilizing each impulse to' force liquidto greater head or pressure to4 introduce freshI air'and'carry the same liquid and to entrap along' with the' liquid.

' Witnesses:

A. B; BOWERS, J. IH.` MILLER.

Copies o this patentm'ay he4 obtained for Washington, D. 0. 

